Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander has approved Gatwick Airport’s plans for a second runway, paving the way for a £2.2 billion expansion that could add 100,000 flights annually to Britain’s second busiest airport.
The project will transform the existing northern runway, currently restricted to taxiway use and emergency operations, into a fully operational second runway by moving it 12 metres further north. This repositioning will allow simultaneous use of both runways, dramatically increasing capacity at what is already Europe’s busiest single runway airport.
Gatwick has emphasised the expansion will be entirely privately funded, requiring no government money, with completion targeted by the end of the decade. The airport currently handles around 46 million passengers annually and operates as London’s second airport after Heathrow.
Technical Solution to Long-Standing Problem
The northern runway has existed parallel to the main runway for decades but international aviation safety regulations have prevented its simultaneous use due to insufficient separation distance. Under current rules, it can only function as a taxiway or be used for take-offs and landings when the main runway is closed for maintenance or emergencies.
By shifting the runway 12 metres northward, Gatwick will meet the minimum separation requirements for dual runway operations. This relatively simple engineering solution unlocks significant capacity without requiring extensive new land acquisition or construction of an entirely new runway from scratch.
The £2.2 billion investment will cover the runway repositioning, upgraded terminal facilities, enhanced ground infrastructure, and improved transport links to handle the increased passenger numbers. Gatwick expects the expansion could create thousands of jobs and boost the regional economy by billions annually.
Economic and Environmental Considerations
The approval comes as the UK aviation sector seeks to recover post-pandemic capacity whilst balancing economic growth with environmental commitments. The additional 100,000 flights per year represent roughly a 35% increase in Gatwick’s current movements, potentially adding 15-20 million passengers annually.
Critics have raised concerns about increased carbon emissions, noise pollution, and local traffic congestion. Environmental groups argue the expansion contradicts the UK’s net-zero commitments and will significantly increase aviation emissions at a time when the government should be discouraging air travel.
Gatwick has pledged to implement noise mitigation measures and claims the expansion will reduce stacking and circling over London by improving operational efficiency. The airport also points to its commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions from airport operations by 2040.
Regional Impact
The decision marks a significant victory for Gatwick in its long-running competition with Heathrow for expansion approval. Whilst Heathrow’s third runway plans have faced years of legal challenges and political opposition, Gatwick’s more modest proposal has navigated the planning process more smoothly.
Local authorities and business groups in the South East have largely welcomed the announcement, citing economic benefits and job creation. However, residents’ groups near the airport have expressed dismay, fearing increased noise, pollution, and property devaluation.
The expansion is expected to strengthen Gatwick’s position as a hub for low-cost carriers and holiday destinations, complementing Heathrow’s focus on long-haul international routes. Airlines have already expressed interest in the additional slots that will become available.
With construction potentially beginning within two years and completion by 2030, Gatwick’s second runway represents the most significant expansion of UK airport capacity in decades, reshaping London’s aviation landscape and potentially influencing future decisions on airport development nationwide.
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